The official site of bestselling author Michael Shermer The official site of bestselling author Michael Shermer

Romance of the Vanished Past

published June 2017

Did an advanced civilization disappear more than 12,000 years ago?

Scientific American (cover)

Graham Hancock is an audacious autodidact who believes that long before ancient Mesopotamia, Babylonia and Egypt there existed an even more glorious civilization. One so thoroughly wiped out by a comet strike around 12,000 years ago that nearly all evidence of its existence vanished, leaving only the faintest of traces, including, Hancock thinks, a cryptic warning that such a celestial catastrophe could happen to us. All this is woven into a narrative entitled Magicians of the Gods (Thomas Dunne Books, 2015). I listened to the audio edition read by the author, whose British accent and breathless, revelatory storytelling style are confessedly compelling. But is it true? I’m skeptical.

First, no matter how devastating an extraterrestrial impact might be, are we to believe that after centuries of flourishing every last tool, potsherd, article of clothing, and, presumably from an advanced civilization, writing, metallurgy and other technologies— not to mention trash—was erased? Inconceivable.

Second, Hancock’s impact hypothesis comes from scientists who first proposed it in 2007 as an explanation for the North American megafaunal extinction around that time and has been the subject of vigorous scientific debate. It has not fared well. In addition to the lack of any impact craters determined to have occurred around that time anywhere in the world, the radiocarbon dates of the layer of carbon, soot, charcoal, nanodiamonds, microspherules and iridium, asserted to have been the result of this catastrophic event, vary widely before and after the megafaunal extinction, anywhere from 14,000 to 10,000 years ago. Further, although 37 mammal genera went extinct in North America (while most other species survived and flourished), at the same time 52 mammal genera went extinct in South America, presumably not caused by the impact. These extinctions, in fact, were timed with human arrival, thereby supporting the more widely accepted overhunting hypothesis.

Third, Hancock grounds his case primarily in the argument from ignorance (because scientists cannot explain X, then Y is a legitimate theory) or the argument from personal incredulity (because I cannot explain X, then my Y theory is valid). This is the type of “God of the gaps” reasoning that creationists employ, only in Hancock’s case the gods are the “magicians” who brought us civilization. The problem here is twofold: (1) scientists do have good explanations for Hancock’s X’s (for example, the pyramids, the Great Sphinx), even if they are not in total agreement, and (2) ultimately one’s theory must rest on positive evidence in favor of it, not just negative evidence against accepted theories.

Hancock’s biggest X is Göbekli Tepe in Turkey, with its megalithic, T-shaped seven- to 10-ton stone pillars cut and hauled from limestone quarries and dated to around 11,000 years ago, when humans lived as hunter-gatherers without, presumably, the know-how, skills and labor to produce them. Ergo, Hancock concludes, “at the very least it would mean that some as yet unknown and unidentified people somewhere in the world, had already mastered all the arts and attributes of a high civilization more than twelve thousand years ago in the depths of the last Ice Age and had sent out emissaries around the world to spread the benefits of their knowledge.” This sounds romantic, but it is the bigotry of low expectations. Who is to say what hunter- gatherers are or are not capable of doing? Plus, Göbekli Tepe was a ceremonial religious site, not a city—there is no evidence that anyone lived there. Moreover, there are no domesticated animal bones, no metal tools, no inscriptions or writing, and not even pottery—all products that much later “high civilizations” produced.

Fourth, Hancock has spent decades in his vision quest to find the sages who brought us civilization. Yet decades of searching have failed to produce enough evidence to convince archaeologists that the standard timeline of human history needs major revision. Hancock’s plaint is that mainstream science is stuck in a uniformitarian model of slow, gradual change and so cannot accept a catastrophic explanation.

Not true. From the origin of the universe (big bang), to the origin of the moon (big collision), to the origin of lunar craters (meteor strikes), to the demise of the dinosaurs (asteroid impact), to the numerous sudden downfalls of civilizations documented by Jared Diamond in his 2005 book Collapse, catastrophism is alive and well in mainstream science. The real magicians are the scientists who have worked this all out.

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2 Comments to “Romance of the Vanished Past”

  1. Barbara Harwood Says:

    There have been arguments put forward about this sort of prehistoric civilization, but the lack of physical. evidence has to be considered. Such a civilization would have had many habitations, graveyards, and other evidence of their existence. WE have, after all, plenty of bones of animals that preceded those people by millions of years.
    At the same time our own civilization would probably disappear rather quickly if we were not here to keep it going. Nevertheless, there would be numerous mysteries for future anthropologists to puzzle over.
    There still remains the possibility that an advance civilization may have spent time on our planet. This could have given rise to many pantheons.

  2. fubarczar Says:

    It’s funny that Shermer is so skeptical, and worried about Hancock. When he debated Hancock on the Joe Rogan experience, time and time again he relied on strawman arguments. It is actually kind of funny how much faith he has in mainstream ancient archeology that just as often grasps at straws to support its theories. Perhaps that’s, from where Shermer gets his material to make all of his strawmen. Seriously why is Shermer so threatened by Hancock? As Hancock says himself he is proposing ideas, documenting his sources well, giving credit where credit is due, adding his own two cents here or there in support or critique of those ideas, all while just trying to advance the quest into the past to understand our own origins. It’s pretty harmless, very entertaining, actually, it’s thought-provoking, and it’s doing a great thing by getting more and more people thinking about history, about the meaning of life, thinking about sciences, etc. Think about it, Hancock has reached millions who may not have otherwise thought about these things.
    Plus I don’t need Shumer talking down to me. I know the difference between fact and conjecture, I know how to critically think. Thanks but no thanks big brother. Perhaps Shermer should take more of a pro/con or possible vs. impractical approach rather than being so dismissive and condescending. Try to be less derisive and more constructive Shumer.

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